The care and management of the natural environment is called conservation. Conservation and management of wildlife is essential for the sustainable use of natural resources so that the whole ecosystem operates independently for future. The proper and sustainable management of wildlife resources is very much important to yield greatest benefit to the present generation and maintain its potential for the future generation. The following are the steps of wildlife management.
(1) Conservation of habitat: Habitat conservation is the first step towards conserving the remaining wildlife to conserve different habitats in which they live. For example, tropical forest, pine forests, grassland, wetlands, the evergreen deciduous forests, all need conservation. Strict laws should be made and effectively implemented for the protection of such areas. All kinds of destruction, exploitation and removal of flora and fauna should be banned. The protected areas like national parks, wildlife reserves should be established.
(2) Species preservation: The animals which are rare should be protected from being hunted. Generally these animals are hunted for recreation or to get various parts of their bodies such as teeth, fur, horn, meat or tusks. Strict policies against poachers and hunters should be made and implemented. Similarly, the illegal trade of plant and plant products should be banned.
(3) Introduction of species: The new plant or animal species can be introduced to the new area of similar environment so that they can serve as predators in controlling some pests and add colour to the wildlife community.
(4) Participatory management concept: The conservation programmes can be established by mobilizing the local people. When the responsibility of management is handed over to the local people then they efficiently take part in conservation because they can fulfill their requirements from wildlife.
(5) Maintenance of statistical data of wildlife: The exact number of the various wild animals and plants living at a particular area is not known. It is essential to take regular census of wild animals or plants of particular area.
(6) Legislation of wildlife: The government should build the proper legislative and administrative measures for the international trade of wild plants and animals. Killing, capturing, hunting, and poaching of wildlife should be strictly prohibited.
(7) Public awareness: People from all walks of life must be educated for proper conservation of wildlife. The formal and informal education regarding nature conservation should be provided to the public. Publicity through media documentary, films, books, journals may contribute greatly in wildlife conservation.
(1) Conservation of habitat: Habitat conservation is the first step towards conserving the remaining wildlife to conserve different habitats in which they live. For example, tropical forest, pine forests, grassland, wetlands, the evergreen deciduous forests, all need conservation. Strict laws should be made and effectively implemented for the protection of such areas. All kinds of destruction, exploitation and removal of flora and fauna should be banned. The protected areas like national parks, wildlife reserves should be established.
(2) Species preservation: The animals which are rare should be protected from being hunted. Generally these animals are hunted for recreation or to get various parts of their bodies such as teeth, fur, horn, meat or tusks. Strict policies against poachers and hunters should be made and implemented. Similarly, the illegal trade of plant and plant products should be banned.
(3) Introduction of species: The new plant or animal species can be introduced to the new area of similar environment so that they can serve as predators in controlling some pests and add colour to the wildlife community.
(4) Participatory management concept: The conservation programmes can be established by mobilizing the local people. When the responsibility of management is handed over to the local people then they efficiently take part in conservation because they can fulfill their requirements from wildlife.
(5) Maintenance of statistical data of wildlife: The exact number of the various wild animals and plants living at a particular area is not known. It is essential to take regular census of wild animals or plants of particular area.
(6) Legislation of wildlife: The government should build the proper legislative and administrative measures for the international trade of wild plants and animals. Killing, capturing, hunting, and poaching of wildlife should be strictly prohibited.
(7) Public awareness: People from all walks of life must be educated for proper conservation of wildlife. The formal and informal education regarding nature conservation should be provided to the public. Publicity through media documentary, films, books, journals may contribute greatly in wildlife conservation.
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